APPENDIX A: Average U.S .Market Prices for Market Pulp, SWL & SOP

APPENDIX B: Exports and Domestic Consumptions of High-Grade Deinking Paper

APPENDIX C: High-grade Deinking Paper Consumption in Printing-Writing Papers

APPENDIX D: High-grade Deinking Paper Consumption in Tissue

APPENDIX F: Bibliography 

Project Goals
The principal goals of this study were to:

• Define the principal factors that impede or limit the success of office paper recovery programs.
• Develop and describe a strategy and plan that Recycling at Work companies can implement to increase office paper recycling.

Three grades of office paper are commonly recovered for recycling .They are:

Sorted White Ledger (SWL) – used in recycled content printing and writing paper primarily.

Sorted Office Paper (SOP) – used in printing-writing paper and tissue products primarily.

Mixed Office Paper (MOP) – used in tissue products and recycled paperboard primarily.

There is only casual recognition that there are a number of stakeholders linked together in the recovery and recycling of office paper .They are: (a) office tenants or buyers of office paper and tissue products - the point of separation for recovery; (b) building managers and janitorial firms; (c) solid waste haulers/recyclers and/or paperstock dealers; (d) printing paper and tissue mills using recycled paper; (e) paper merchants, distributors, and retailers who sell finished products to office tenants.

The principal issues identified through more than 30 in-depth interviews were:

• Soft demand for finished products with recycled content, principally printing paper such as copy paper;
• Soft demand for deinked market pulp, which of course is related to the first factor .Costs of pulp to deinking mills are not competitive with costs at integrated printing paper mills.
• Costs to upgrade office papers that exceed the value of various grades of recovered paper.
• Contaminants that limit the amount of SOP that printing paper mills can use.
• Lack of economic incentives to office tenants and building managers .Often solid waste cost savings are minimal and costs of recovery may exceed the value of recovered paper.
• Environmental goals and benefits are limited when the economics and recognition of benefits are limited.

Five key attributes of a successful office paper recovery program were identified:

Given the fact that the principal successes of office paper recovery programs are in large, single tenant buildings, a strategy and plan was developed to carry out a pilot study of large multi-tenant buildings.

The action plan consists of developing and carrying out a pilot program in Washington, DC to test the key attributes identified .This plan is detailed in Chapter 3, pages 3-3 to 3-8.

Following the successful completion of the pilot program, an outreach program should be put in place.

The principal elements of an expanded outreach program are:

• Develop a certification program for office paper recovery projects .The principal benefit of this program would be to encourage organizations to incorporate the key attributes into their recovery programs to assure success and to recognize well planned programs.
• Establish a technical assistance program similar to Clean Your Files Day. This would be designed to "jump start" new or struggling programs in various metropolitan areas where there is a benefit to training key people as the benefits of recovery of office paper become more obvious to building tenants, building managers, and recycling groups.
• Media outreach via public service announcements, tie-ins with agencies that promote NOPRP, Conference of Mayors, and other organizations .The new Federal Executive Order requiring 30% recycled content for printing paper is one basis for new efforts, but the real need is to reach out to the private sector and to state and local governments.
• Finally, make a concerted effort to expand involvement of associate members. The purpose is to bring expertise and commitment from organizations such as building managers, recyclers, solid waste haulers, and paperstock dealers. This is important because the initiative and success of office paper recovery programs really starts at the office level .Nonetheless, it is important to continue to emphasize the concept of closing the loop for recycled content printing paper and tissue products.